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Objective:To summarize the clinical features and experience in diagnosis and treatment of subglottic cysts in children.Methods:The clinical data of 5 children with subglottic cysts admitted in Qilu Children′s Hospital of Shandong University from April 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 5 patients, 2 cases were premature infants and 3 cases were full term infants.All patients had an endotracheal intubation history.One patient was asymptomatic.Four patients had laryngeal stridor, 2 cases of whom were accompanied by hoarseness and dyspnea.These 2 patients were used to be misdiagnosed with laryngomalacia, laryngitis, etc.Bronchoscopy revealed subglottic gray-white cyst-like lesions, and enhanced CT showed low density without enhancement.All patients were treated with laser and forceps, and bronchoscope was applied in the follow up period for 5-12 weeks.There was no recurrence or subglottic stenosis.Conclusions:Laryngeal stridor in children with a history of endotracheal intubation must be examined by bronchoscopy in time to find out whether there is subglottic cysts.Laser therapy is an effective treatment for subglottic cysts.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical data of 18 children with primary tracheobronchial tumors, and to investigate the safety and effectiveness of bronchoscopy intervention therapy.Methods:The clinical features, signs, imaging and bronchoscope characteristics, pathology types, endoscopy intervention therapy methods, and outcomes of 18 patients with primary tracheobronchial tumors treated in Qilu Children′s Hospital of Shandong University from January 2013 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The patients aged from 2 years old to 12 years old, and the ratio of male and female was 1.71∶1.There were 8 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 7 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastoma, 1 case of infant fibrosarcoma, 1 case of intermediate vascular tumor, and 1 case of acinar cell carcinoma.All 18 patients received the biopsy under general anesthesia to determine the pathological type of tumor and underwent the interventional therapy to relieve airway obstruction.No complications such as massive bleeding, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema were observed during and after operation.The endoscope examination was applied to assess the curative effect 1 week after the surgery, complete response 17 case, inefficiency 1 case, and the overall effective rate was 94%.Conclusions:It is safe and reliable to treat primary tracheobronchial tumor by bronchoscopy intervention therapy, which can be used as a palliative treatment and create conditions for further radical operation.It may even become a radical cure for tracheobronchial tumors.
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BACKGROUND:The use of three-dimensional cel culture techniques can better simulate the cel ular microenvironment, providing new tools for tissue engineering research. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the biomaterial selection and application characteristics in three-dimensional cel culture as wel as applications in tumor tissue engineering. METHODS:We searched Wanfang database and PubMed database 1998-2015 years for relevant literature using keywords of“three-dimensional cultures;scaffold;cel growth;cel differentiation;tumor tissue engineering”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The selection and application of three-dimensional scaffold materials is one of the keys. So far, scaffold materials, such as col agen gels, gelatin sponge, agarose, chitosan, demineralized bone matrix, cannot provide the extracel ular matrix similar to the micro-environment in which seed cel growth and proliferation are not affected, and the ability to secrete type II col agen and glycosaminoglycan is decreased, although they can provide three-dimensional space for seed cel s. Biomimetic scaffold characterized as little trauma and strong plasticity gradual y shows its unique advantages. Three-dimensional culture conditions raise pro-angiogenic growth factor secretion from tumor cel s, and this feature is positively correlated with the occurrence of in vivo tumor angiogenesis.